PENERJEMAHAN BERBANTUAN KOMPUTER (SOFTSKILL)

DEFINISI PENERJEMAHAN

Nama : Mitha Soviani Putri

Kelas : 2SA04

NMP : 18611708

Translating the Text

            

Source Text

2.      Terjemahan Intrabahasa, Antarbahasa, Intersemiotik

Di dalam literatur penerjamahan, ada beberapa ragam terjemahan yang pernah dikemukakan oleh para ahli. Ragam-ragam tersebut ada yang digolongkan menurut jenis sistem tanda yang terlibat, jenis naskah yang diterjemahkan, dan juga menurut proses penerjemahan serta penekanannya.

Roman Jakobson (1959:234) membedakan terjemahan menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu terjemahan intrabahasa, terjemahan antarbahasa, dan nterjemahan intersemiotik.

Yang dimaksud terjemahan intrabahasa adalah pengubahan suatu teks menjadi teks lain berdasarkan interpretasi penerjemah. Dan kedua teks ini ditulis dalam bahasa yang sama. Jadi, bila kita menuliskan kembali puisi Chairil Anwar, Aku, ke dalam bentuk prosa di dalam bahasa Indonesia, maka kita melakukan penerjemahan intrabahasa.

Jenis terjemahan kedua adalah terjemahan antarbahasa. Terjemahan jenis ini adalah terjemahan dalam arti yang sesungguhnya. Dalam jenis ini, penerjemah menuliskan kembali makna ayau gagasan teks bahasa sumber ke dalam teks bahasa sasaran.

Yang terakhir adalah jenis terjemaan intersemiotik. Jenis ini mencakup penafsiran sebuah teks ke dalam bentuk atau system tanda yang lain. Sebagai contoh, penafsiran novel menjadi sebuah kayra film.

  

Half complete 

2. Translation intrabahasa, antarbahasa, intersemotic

In the literature translation, there are several kinds of translation that show by experts. The kinds are classified by system that get involved, types of text translate, and also process translation as well as the emphasis. Roman Jakobson (1959:234) the translation is divided into three types, intralanguage translation, antarbahasa translation, and intersemiotic translation .  Intrabahasa translation is modifying a text into another text based on interpretation of the translator.

Complete Target Text

2. The translation of Intralanguage, Interlanguage, Intersemiotic

In the literature of translation, there are several kinds of translation that show by experts. The kinds are classified by system that get involved, types of text translate, and also process translation as well as the emphasis.

Roman Jakobson (1959:234) the translation is divided into three types, intralanguage translation, interlanguage translation, and intersemiotic translation .  Intralanguage translation is modifying a text into another text based on interpretation of the translator. And both of these text are written in the same language. So, when we write Chairil anwar’s poetry, Aku, into the prose of Indonesian language, then we do the translation of intralanguage translation.

The second type translation is interlanguage translation. This type of translation is translation in real sense. In this type, the translator rewrite meaning or text idea source language into target text.

The last type is intersemiotic language. This type include the interpretation a text into a form or  another system. For example, interpretation novel into a film.

PENERJEMAHAN BERBANTU KOMPUTER

1.      Systran

·         Preserves document layout to save time editing translations.

·         Streamlines the translation workflow and automates the human translation process to minimize costs.

·          Instantly translates and understands foreign language Web pages, emails, and documents.

·         Instant access to the Dictionary Lookup to choose the appropriate translation of a selected term.

·         Smart and always available toolbar translates documents anytime without size limitations.

·         Accurate translations as the software automatically adapts translation to the content of the domains you work with.

·          Improve your productivity with new automatic customization tools.

·          Options to create personalized User Dictionaries and Translation Memories improve translation quality.

·          Built-in linguistic options and the SYSTRAN Business Dictionary help you achieve high translation quality.

·          Reuse of previous translations and stored language data boosts productivity.

·         Translate wherever you are, whenever you need to! Online while connected to the Internet, or offline directly from your PC.

·          High usability with multiple file format support for Word, PDF, OpenOffice documents (ODT, ODS, ODP), Excel, PowerPoint, TXT, RTF, HTML, TMX, and MultiTerm.

2.      Ginger

Using Ginger Translate is easy. Simply choose a language and input the text you’d like the translation tool to transform. You can use this language translation software to communicate with others or to improve your own English skills. The Ginger Grammar Checker corrects a vast range of grammar use mistakes. Most grammar corrector tools claiming to perform a grammar check based on English grammar rules are not able to identify the majority of grammar errors; therefore many of these common writing errors are overlooked. In many cases, these free online grammar checkers flag mistakes but do not suggest any corrections. Ginger uses groundbreaking technology to detect grammar and spelling errors in sentences and to correct them with unmatched accuracy. From singular vs plural errors to the most sophisticated sentence or tense usage errors, Ginger picks up on mistakes and corrects them. Grammar checking has never been easier and faster. With a single click multiple mistakes are corrected. Your mistakes will no longer be overlooked with Ginger Software’s Grammar Checker.

3.      Trados

 Trados is that the translator immediately sees which parts of the text are to be translated, which makes it easy to concentrate on the essential. Whoever has attempted to translate a text in electronic format knows how difficult it is, since each time the already translated source text must be deleted. As an alternative, one must work with two texts side-by-side, or open the original text on the screen again and then return to the already translated text. This process is not only annoying, but also often results in careless mistakes and increases the risk of skipping a sentence or a word. The situation becomes even worse if the translation is received as hard copy. If the translator does not have the possibility of converting the text into an electronic format by using optical character recognition (OCR—another tool to make the translator’s life easier), he or she must constantly shift the focus between the paper and the screen. Finding the last translated sentence on the paper and adapting to two or more different type sizes and typefaces adds to the difficulty and the aggravation. With Trados, the translator does not have to look for the sentence to be translated or the point where the translated text to be inserted, since they are both located in the same area of the screen, are marked with different colors, and have the same type size and typeface.

4.      Wordbee

Wordbee automates document and translation setups, improving the initial management phase. Using collaborative translation technology and a great CAT interface, Wordbee improves the work phase, reducing delivery times by 50% or better. The delivery phase, as well as other factors like cost tracking and invoicing, are all largely automated in Wordbee.

5.      DSL

SDL Language Technologies offers a unique language technology platform – from translation memory productivity tools for the individual translator to project management software for translator teams, from translation management solutions to cloud-based machine translation. You are not just investing in a market-leading translation productivity tool when you buy SDL Trados Studio, you are investing in a CAT tool that integrates with the full SDL Language Technology platform. With over two decades of expertise, unequaled technology and coverage for over 200 languages, SDL helps you connect with customers in their native language and forge genuine brand experiences.

Source :

http://store.systran.biz/systran-7-business-translator.html

http://www.sdl.com/about/

http://www.translationzone.com/about/

http://www.wordbee.com/translation-management/

http://www.gingersoftware.com/translation#.VUzzUY6qqko

http://www.translationartwork.com/2012/05/02/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-sdl-trados-and-wordfast/

Nama : Mitha Soviani putri

Kelas  : 4SA04

Penerjemahan Berbantuan Komputer

Nama : Mitha Soviani Putri

Kelas : 4SA04

Npm : 18611708

Softskill : Penerjemahan Berbantuan Komputer

Children join weekend class

Corry Elyda, The Jakarta Post, Bogor | Headlines | Sun, March 08 2015, 6:19 AM

Holding a long rope, a line of children carefully strolled along the Kalibaru River in Katulampa subdistrict, Bogor, West Java, on Saturday morning, while parents and facilitators of Peyapeyo, a parenting and child education community, asked them to watch out for motorcyclists.

“Say ‘excuse me’ to the men,” said facilitator Aris M. Luthfi when they passed a group of men near the river.

Aris then asked whether the children knew where they were be going. “To the mountain!” said 4-year-old Kimi loudly, to the laughter of the other children.

Kimi was among dozens of children aged between three and seven who joined a weekend class themed “Knowing Water Better”, held by Peyapeyo.

Aris told the children they would visit Katulampa sluice gate, upstream of the Ciliwung River.

As they arrived at the destination, the children were given a short explanation of the function of the gate and how the water level was monitored, which was crucial to predicting if floods would hit Jakarta.

The children were also taught the importance of keeping the water clean, as it was the source of water in the capital.

The visit to the gate was part of a busy schedule that morning.

The children also enthusiastically made so-called Water Apollo toys, then learned about volcanic eruptions in the nearby Kampoeng Air restaurant, which also had a natural kindergarten.

Water Apollo toys consist of a long narrow plastic bag filled with brightly colored water and a Styrofoam ball. The children learned that although they repeatedly turned the plastic upside down, the ball and the air bubble would keep facing up.

Meanwhile, the children learned about volcanoes with Play Doh. They used a mixture of detergent, food coloring, baking soda and vinegar to create the effects of an eruption.

San Bono Pratikno, the parent of 4-year-old Bumi, hoped his son would learn as much as possible from the activities, so that his love for nature and creativity would develop.

“I was raised in a village, so this kind of activity was my cup of tea. However, my son rarely goes out and always stays at home after school,” he said, adding that he wanted his son to be more sociable as he did not have many friends his age in the neighborhood.

Yoni Ania Desela, 26, drove from her house in Serpong, South Tangerang, so her two children could enjoy the activities in Bogor.

She said she rarely took her children, Kimi and Kama, to shopping malls during the weekend.

“If they do not have any courses, I find alternative activities that can trigger their creativity and curiosity,” she said, adding that the weekend class was one of them.

Dieta Hadi, the co-founder of Peyapeyo, said the idea of holding a weekend class came up because many parents were still confused about alternatives for their children on weekends.

“Parents in Bogor usually take their children to Bandung or Jakarta on the weekends, while Jakartans who visit Bogor usually only go to restaurants or factory outlets,” she said.

She said Peyapeyo planned to hold a similar event each month.

Dieta, who also owned a daycare center, said enthusiasm for the events was quite high.

“We initially held the event for only 20 children, but have since increased the quota to 35 children,” she said.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/03/08/children-join-weekend-class-get-closer-nature.html

  Sekumpulan barisan anak-anak berjalan-jalan menyusuri sungai Kalibaru di kecamatan Katu lampa Bogor, Jawa Barat pada sabtu pagi. Dimana orang tua dan guru dari Peyapeyo, sebuah lembaga dimana orang tua dan sebuah lembaga pendidikan  menyuruh  mereka untuk berhati-hati.

Katakan ‘permisi kepada laki-laki itu’,” kata Aris M.Lutfi ketika mereka melewati sekumpulan laki-laki didekat sungai.

Aris lalu menanyakan mau kemana anak-anak itu akan pergi. “Ke gunung!” kata kimi seorang anak berumur 4 tahun dengan suara riang.

Kimi adalah salah satu dari ribuan anak berumur  3 sampai 7 tahun yang bergabung dengan kelas liburan yang bertemakan “mengetahuin air lebih baik”, yang diadakan oleh Peyapeyo.

Aris mengajak anak-anak untuk mengunjungi pintu air katulampa, hulu dari sungai ciliwung.

Kimi

The Analysis of Preposition

Prince Charles and PM fly to Saudi amid growing row over UK flag tributes

                

Prince Charles and David Cameron are flying to Saudi Arabia on Saturday to pay tribute to the late King Abdullah amid a growing row over the decision to mark his death by flying flags at half-mast on public buildings in London.

The sign of respect for the monarch has drawn sharp criticism from some prominent politicians and human rights campaigners because of Saudi Arabia’s abuses of free speech and women’s rights, and the country’s role as a cradle of Islamist extremism.

The leader of the Scottish Conservatives, Ruth Davidson, posted a message on Twitter condemning the move as “a steaming pile of nonsense”, and the Ukip MP Douglas Carswell said it showed Whitehall officials held immoral values far from those of the British public.

No 10, the houses of parliament and Westminster Abbey are among the buildings in London where the government guidance has been followed after Abdullah’s death overnight on Thursday. 

The tribute was paid even though the sentencing of a Saudi blogger to 10 years in jail and 1,000 lashes for insulting Islam has thrust the country’s dismal human rights record into the spotlight in recent weeks.

Carswell blamed the “Sir Humphreys who run British foreign policy” for the tribute, saying they were out of touch with public feeling.

“It is an extraordinary misjudgment by the out-of-touch elite in Whitehall who think it is appropriate to do this,” he said.

“On the day that flags at Whitehall are flying at half-mast for King Abdullah, how many public executions will there be?”

Caroline Lucas, the Green MP, said: “I think many people will wonder why, if the government feels the UK’s relationship with Saudi Arabia is so close as to warrant the lowering of our flag at the death of its king, those ties are not being used much more effectively to secure the basic rights and freedoms of the citizens of that country.”

Labour MP Paul Flynn said the tribute was “liable to bring infantile fawning over royalty into disrepute”. It was evidence of the establishment’s “extraordinary subservience” to foreign royals.

Kate Allen, Amnesty International’s UK director, said: “No one is flying flags for the scores of people Saudi Arabia executes each year after unfair trials, and we should focus on the human rights reality in Saudi Arabia, not the emblems of diplomacy.

“When the flags are run back up their flagpoles the UK government needs to move on from the tributes and put on public record their desire to see sweeping human rights reform under King Salman.”

The Department for Culture, Media and Sport said it had asked government buildings to fly the union flag at half-mast for 12 hours, in line with protocol that says this is appropriate following the death of a foreign monarch.

Abdullah, thought to be aged about 90, died after two decades in power in the world’s biggest oil exporting country. He has been succeeded by his 79-year-old half-brother, Salman.

One Westminster source said the decision, which was widely criticised on social media, was taken at the behest of Buckingham Palace. A spokesman for the palace confirmed that it was consulted about decisions to fly flags at half-mast, but said that No 10 and the Foreign Office were consulted too.

In a statement to Salman, the Queen – now the world’s oldest monarch – said she was saddened to learn of the death.

She said: “Your distinguished brother Abdullah had devoted his life to the service of the kingdom and the service of Islam. He will be long remembered by all who work for peace and understanding between nations and between faiths.”

The prime minister said he was “deeply saddened” and that the ruler would be “remembered for his long years of service to the kingdom, for his commitment to peace and for strengthening understanding between faiths”.

Former leader Tony Blair said Abdullah was a “stable and sound ally ... a patient and skilful moderniser” in a turbulent time in the region.

Ironically, at the Saudi embassy, their flag was flying at full mast. Saudi Arabia does not observe official mournings and in the kingdom flags were not flying at half-mast.

Asked to justify its decision to fly its flag at half-mast, Wesminster Abbey said in a statement: “We always fly a flag. It is at half-mast because the government has decided to fly their flags at half-mast today.

“For us not to fly at half-mast would be to make a noticeably aggressive comment on the death of the king of a country to which the UK is allied in the fight against Islamic terrorism.

“Nor would it have done anything to support the desperately oppressed Christian communities of the Middle East for whom we pray constantly and publicly.”

Carswell’s comments were not endorsed by his party leader, Nigel Farage. A spokesman for Farage said: “Lowering a flag is an issue of diplomatic protocol, respect for an ally in the war on terror.

“We should forcefully take up the issue of human rights with the new not the dead king.”

Source : http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/24/prince-charles-and-pm-fly-to-saudi-amid-growing-row-over-uk-flag-tributes

Analysis

• Preposition of time

Day : On Saturday

         On Thursday

•          Preposition of place and position

Of place : In London

Of position :  the houses of parliament and Westminster Abbey are among the    buildings

Name : Mitha Soviani Putri

Class  : 4 SA 04

NPM  : 18611708

VERB -ING FORM

Christmas Every Day

by William Dean Howells

The little girl came into her papa's study, as she always did Saturday morning before breakfast, and asked for a story. He tried to beg off that morning, for he was very busy, but she would not let him. So he began:

"Well, once there was a little pig--"

She put her hand over his mouth and stopped him at the word. She said she had heard little pig-stories till she was perfectly sick of them.

"Well, what kind of story shall I tell, then?"

"About Christmas. It's getting to be the season. It's past Thanksgiving already."

"It seems to me," her papa argued, "that I've told as often about Christmas as I have about little pigs."

"No difference! Christmas is more interesting."

"Well!" Her papa roused himself from his writing by a great effort. "Well, then, I'll tell you about the little girl that wanted it Christmas every day in the year. How would you like that?"

"First-rate!" said the little girl; and she nestled into comfortable shape in his lap, ready for listening.

"Very well, then, this little pig--Oh, what are you pounding me for?"

"Because you said little pig instead of little girl."

"I should like to know what's the difference between a little pig and a little girl that wanted it Christmas every day!"

"Papa," said the little girl, warningly, "if you don't go on, I'll give it to you!" And at this her papa darted off like lightning, and began to tell the story as fast as he could.

Well, once there was a little girl who liked Christmas so much that she wanted it to be Christmas every day in the year; and as soon as Thanksgiving was over she began to send postal-cards to the old Christmas Fairy to ask if she mightn't have it. But the old fairy never answered any of the postals; and after a while the little girl found out that the Fairy was pretty particular, and wouldn't notice anything but letters--not even correspondence cards in envelopes; but real letters on sheets of paper, and sealed outside with a monogram--or your initial, anyway. So, then, she began to send her letters; and in about three weeks--or just the day before Christmas, it was--she got a letter from the Fairy, saying she might have it Christmas every day for a year, and then they would see about having it longer.

The little girl was a good deal excited already, preparing for the old-fashioned, once-a-year Christmas that was coming the next day, and perhaps the Fairy's promise didn't make such an impression on her as it would have made at some other time. She just resolved to keep it to herself, and surprise everybody with it as it kept coming true; and then it slipped out of her mind altogether.

She had a splendid Christmas. She went to bed early, so as to let Santa Claus have a chance at the stockings, and in the morning she was up the first of anybody and went and felt them, and found hers all lumpy with packages of candy, and oranges and grapes, and pocket-books and rubber balls, and all kinds of small presents, and her big brother's with nothing but the tongs in them, and her young lady sister's with a new silk umbrella, and her papa's and mamma's with potatoes and pieces of coal wrapped up in tissue-paper, just as they always had every Christmas. Then she waited around till the rest of the family were up, and she was the first to burst into the library, when the doors were opened, and look at the large presents laid out on the library-table--books, and portfolios, and boxes of stationery, and breastpins, and dolls, and little stoves, and dozens of handkerchiefs, and ink-stands, and skates, and snow-shovels, and photograph-frames, and little easels, and boxes of water-colors, and Turkish paste, and nougat, and candied cherries, and dolls' houses, and waterproofs--and the big Christmas-tree, lighted and standing in a waste-basket in the middle.

She had a splendid Christmas all day. She ate so much candy that she did not want any breakfast; and the whole forenoon the presents kept pouring in that the expressman had not had time to deliver the night before; and she went round giving the presents she had got for other people, and came home and ate turkey and cranberry for dinner, and plum-pudding and nuts and raisins and oranges and more candy, and then went out and coasted, and came in with a stomach-ache, crying; and her papa said he would see if his house was turned into that sort of fool's paradise another year; and they had a light supper, and pretty early everybody went to bed cross.

Here the little girl pounded her papa in the back, again.

"Well, what now? Did I say pigs?"

"You made them act like pigs."

"Well, didn't they?"

"No matter; you oughtn't to put it into a story."

"Very well, then, I'll take it all out."

Her father went on:

The little girl slept very heavily, and she slept very late, but she was wakened at last by the other children dancing round her bed with their stockings full of presents in their hands. she  was dancing round her bad with their stocking full of present in their hands.

"What is it?" said the little girl, and she rubbed her eyes and tried to rise up in bed.

"Christmas! Christmas! Christmas!" they all shouted, and waved their stockings.

"Nonsense! It was Christmas yesterday."

Her brothers and sisters just laughed. "We don't know about that. It's Christmas to-day, anyway. You come into the library and see."

Then all at once it flashed on the little girl that the Fairy was keeping her promise, and her year of Christmases was beginning. She was dreadfully sleepy, but she sprang up like a lark--a lark that had overeaten itself and gone to bed cross--and darted into the library. There it was again! Books, and portfolios, and boxes of stationery, and breastpins--

"You needn't go over it all, papa; I guess I can remember just what was there," said the little girl.

Well, and there was the Christmas-tree blazing away, and the family picking out their presents, but looking pretty sleepy, and her father perfectly puzzled, and her mother ready to cry. "I'm sure I don't see how I'm to dispose of all these things," said her mother, and her father said it seemed to him they had had something just like it the day before, but he supposed he must have dreamed it. This struck the little girl as the best kind of a joke; and so she ate so much candy she didn't want any breakfast, and went round carrying presents, and had turkey and cranberry for dinner, and then went out and coasted, and came in with a--

"Papa!"

"Well, what now?"

"What did you promise, you forgetful thing?"

"Oh! oh yes!"

Well, the next day, it was just the same thing over again, but everybody getting crosser; and at the end of a week's time so many people had lost their tempers that you could pick up lost tempers anywhere; they perfectly strewed the ground. Even when people tried to recover their tempers they usually got somebody else's, and it made the most dreadful mix.

The little girl began to get frightened, keeping the secret all to herself; she wanted to tell her mother, but she didn't dare to; and she was ashamed to ask the Fairy to take back her gift, it seemed ungrateful and ill-bred, and she thought she would try to stand it, but she hardly knew how she could, for a whole year. So it went on and on, and it was Christmas on St. Valentine's Day and Washington's Birthday, just the same as any day, and it didn't skip even the First of April, though everything was counterfeit that day, and that was some little relief.

After a while coal and potatoes began to be awfully scarce, so many had been wrapped up in tissue-paper to fool papas and mammas with. Turkeys got to be about a thousand dollars apiece--

"Papa!"

"Well, what?"

"You're beginning to fib."

"Well, two thousand, then."

And they got to passing off almost anything for turkeys--half-grown humming-birds, and even rocs out of the Arabian Nights--the real turkeys were so scarce. And cranberries--well, they asked a diamond apiece for cranberries. All the woods and orchards were cut down for Christmas-trees, and where the woods and orchards used to be it looked just like a stubble-field, with the stumps. After a while they had to make Christmas-trees out of rags, and stuff them with bran, like old-fashioned dolls; but there were plenty of rags, because people got so poor, buying presents for one another, that they couldn't get any new clothes, and they just wore their old ones to tatters. They got so poor that everybody had to go to the poor-house, except the confectioners, and the fancy-store keepers, and the picture-book sellers, and the expressmen; and they all got so rich and proud that they would hardly wait upon a person when he came to buy. It was perfectly shameful!

Well, after it had gone on about three or four months, the little girl, whenever she came into the room in the morning and saw those great ugly, lumpy stockings dangling at the fire-place, and the disgusting presents around everywhere, used to just sit down and burst out crying. In six months she was perfectly exhausted; she couldn't even cry any more; she just lay on the lounge and rolled her eyes and panted. About the beginning of October she took to sitting down on dolls wherever she found them--French dolls, or any kind--she hated the sight of them so; and by Thanksgiving she was crazy, and just slammed her presents across the room.

By that time people didn't carry presents around nicely any more. They flung them over the fence, or through the window, or anything; and, instead of running their tongues out and taking great pains to write "For dear Papa," or "Mamma," or "Brother," or "Sister," or "Susie," or "Sammie," or "Billie," or "Bobbie," or "Jimmie," or "Jennie," or whoever it was, and troubling to get the spelling right, and then signing their names, and "Xmas, 18--," they used to write in the gift-books, "Take it, you horrid old thing!" and then go and bang it against the front door. Nearly everybody had built barns to hold their presents, but pretty soon the barns overflowed, and then they used to let them lie out in the rain, or anywhere. Sometimes the police used to come and tell them to shovel their presents off the sidewalk, or they would arrest them.

"I thought you said everybody had gone to the poor-house," interrupted the little girl.

"They did go, at first," said her papa; "but after a while the poor-houses got so full that they had to send the people back to their own houses. They tried to cry, when they got back, but they couldn't make the least sound."

"Why couldn't they?"

"Because they had lost their voices, saying 'Merry Christmas' so much. Did I tell you how it was on the Fourth of July?"

"No; how was it?" And the little girl nestled closer, in expectation of something uncommon.

Well, the night before, the boys stayed up to celebrate, as they always do, and fell asleep before twelve o'clock, as usual, expecting to be wakened by the bells and cannon. But it was nearly eight o'clock before the first boy in the United States woke up, and then he found out what the trouble was. As soon as he could get his clothes on he ran out of the house and smashed a big cannon-torpedo down on the pavement; but it didn't make any more noise than a damp wad of paper; and after he tried about twenty or thirty more, he began to pick them up and look at them. Every single torpedo was a big raisin! Then he just streaked it up-stairs, and examined his fire-crackers and toy-pistol and two-dollar collection of fireworks, and found that they were nothing but sugar and candy painted up to look like fireworks! Before ten o'clock every boy in the United States found out that his Fourth of July things had turned into Christmas things; and then they just sat down and cried--they were so mad. There are about twenty million boys in the United States, and so you can imagine what a noise they made. Some men got together before night, with a little powder that hadn't turned into purple sugar yet, and they said they would fire off one cannon, anyway. But the cannon burst into a thousand pieces, for it was nothing but rock-candy, and some of the men nearly got killed. The Fourth of July orations all turned into Christmas carols, and when anybody tried to read the Declaration, instead of saying, "When in the course of human events it becomes necessary," he was sure to sing, "God rest you, merry gentlemen." It was perfectly awful.

The little girl drew a deep sigh of satisfaction.

"And how was it at Thanksgiving?"

Her papa hesitated. "Well, I'm almost afraid to tell you. I'm afraid you'll think it's wicked."

"Well, tell, anyway," said the little girl.

Well, before it came Thanksgiving it had leaked out who had caused all these Christmases. The little girl had suffered so much that she had talked about it in her sleep; and after that hardly anybody would play with her. People just perfectly despised her, because if it had not been for her greediness it wouldn't have happened; and now, when it came Thanksgiving, and she wanted them to go to church, and have squash-pie and turkey, and show their gratitude, they said that all the turkeys had been eaten up for her old Christmas dinners, and if she would stop the Christmases, they would see about the gratitude. Wasn't it dreadful? And the very next day the little girl began to send letters to the Christmas Fairy, and then telegrams, to stop it. But it didn't do any good; and then she got to calling at the Fairy's house, but the girl that came to the door always said, "Not at home," or "Engaged," or "At dinner," or something like that; and so it went on till it came to the old once-a-year Christmas Eve. The little girl fell asleep, and when she woke up in the morning--

"She found it was all nothing but a dream," suggested the little girl.

"No, indeed!" said her papa. "It was all every bit true!"

"Well, what did she find out, then?"

"Why, that it wasn't Christmas at last, and wasn't ever going to be, any more. Now it's time for breakfast."

The little girl held her papa fast around the neck.

"You sha'n't go if you're going to leave it so!"

"How do you want it left?"

"Christmas once a year."

"All right," said her papa; and he went on again.

Well, there was the greatest rejoicing all over the country, and it extended clear up into Canada. The people met together everywhere, and kissed and cried for joy. The city carts went around and gathered up all the candy and raisins and nuts, and dumped them into the river; and it made the fish perfectly sick; and the whole United States, as far out as Alaska, was one blaze of bonfires, where the children were burning up their gift-books and presents of all kinds. They had the greatest time!

The little girl went to thank the old Fairy because she had stopped its being Christmas, and she said she hoped she would keep her promise and see that Christmas never, never came again. Then the Fairy frowned, and asked her if she was sure she knew what she meant; and the little girl asked her, Why not? and the old Fairy said that now she was behaving just as greedily as ever, and she'd better look out. This made the little girl think it all over carefully again, and she said she would be willing to have it Christmas about once in a thousand years; and then she said a hundred, and then she said ten, and at last she got down to one. Then the Fairy said that was the good old way that had pleased people ever since Christmas began, and she was agreed. Then the little girl said, "What're your shoes made of?" And the Fairy said, "Leather." And the little girl said, "Bargain's done forever," and skipped off, and hippity-hopped the whole way home, she was so glad.

"How will that do?" asked the papa.

"First-rate!" said the little girl; but she hated to have the story stop, and was rather sober. However, her mamma put her head in at the door, and asked her papa:

"Are you never coming to breakfast? What have you been telling that child?"

"Oh, just a moral tale."

The little girl caught him around the neck again.

"We know! Don't you tell what, papa! Don't you tell what!"

http://americanliterature.com/author/william-dean-howells/short-story/christmas-every-day

Analysis:

Verb ing as a gerund : Object of Verb

She loves making homemade present for her family.

Verb ing as a adjective : In addition, more or most probably be placed in front of the present participle to form the comparative and superlative degree.

 Christmas is more interesting.

Verb ing as a verb : As a verb, present participle is placed after the auxiliary verb

Her year of Christmases was beginning.

She was dancing round her bad with their stocking full of present in their hands.

Name : Mitha Soviani Putri

Class  : 4SA04

NPM : 18611708